Ukuthola amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile futhi avikelekile kuyinselele enkulu ebhekene nezindawo eziningi emhlabeni namuhla. Ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu, imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, nokungcola, ukutholakala kwemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile kuncipha kakhulu. Lokhu kuholele esidingweni esiphuthumayo sezixazululo ezintsha zokuhlinzekwa ngamanzi. Izitshalo zokukhipha usawoti emanzini ziye zavela njengobuchwepheshe obubalulekile ekubhekaneni nokushoda kwamanzi ngokuguqula amanzi olwandle namanzi anosawoti abe amanzi okuphuza. Lezi zitshalo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekungezeni imithombo yamanzi ehlanzekile yendabuko, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile nezisemhlane lolwandle lapho amanzi ahlanzekile emvelo enomkhawulo.

Nokho, ukusebenza kwezitshalo zokukhipha usawoti emanzini kuza nezinselelo ezihlukile njengokusebenzisa amandla amaningi, imithelela kwezemvelo, kanye nezindleko zezomnotho. Ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe obusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwezitshalo zokukhipha usawoti kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle nokusimama. Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka ngokubuka konke okubanzi kobuchwepheshe bokusebenza kwezitshalo zokukhipha usawoti emanzini, sihlola izinqubo ezibandakanyekayo, izinzuzo nezingezinhle, kanye nombono wesikhathi esizayo ngale ndlela ebalulekile yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi.

Ukuqeda usawoti emanzini kubhekiselwa enjongweni yokukhipha usawoti nezinye izinto ezingcolile emanzini anosawoti ukuze kukhiqizwe amanzi ahlanzekile afanele ukusetshenziswa ngabantu, ezolimo, nezimboni. Ubuchwepheshe obubili obuyinhloko bokukhipha usawoti emanzini obusetshenziswa kabanzi yi-reverse osmosis (RO) kanye nezindlela zokubilisa ezifana ne-multi-stage flash (MSF) kanye ne-multi-effect distillation (MED). I-Reverse osmosis isebenzisa izihlungi ezikhethekile ukuhlukanisa usawoti emanzini ngaphansi kwengcindezi, kanti izindlela zokubilisa zisebenzisa ukubilisa nokuphola.

Ukubaluleka kokukhipha usawoti emanzini ekuhlinzekeni ngamanzi emhlabeni kuyanda njengoba imithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile incipha futhi isidingo sande. Izitshalo zokukhipha usawoti emanzini zinikeza umthombo othembekile nohlala njalo wamanzi okuphuza, ongazihambeli izimo zezulu zemvula nokuguquguquka kwamanzi angaphezulu. Zibaluleke kakhulu ezifundeni ezibhekene nokushoda kwamanzi okubalwa kuzo izingxenye zeMiddle East, Australia, neCalifornia. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha usawoti emanzini, amadolobha nezimboni zingafinyelela ukuphepha okukhulu kwamanzi futhi zinciphise ubungozi bokuphela kwamanzi nokungcola kwemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile yakudala.

Ukuqhuba isikhungo sokukhipha usawoti emanzini kubandakanya izigaba eziningana ezibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi okuphuzwayo aphephile futhi anekhwalithi ephezulu. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukungena kwamanzi, lapho ulwandle noma amanzi anosawoti omncane adonswa esikhungweni. Izinhlelo zokungena kufanele zakhelwe ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo nokuvimbela ukungena kwezilwandle. Ngemuva kokungena, amanzi adlula ekwelashweni kwangaphambili ukuze kususwe izinto eziyisimiso, ama-algae, nezinye izinto ezingcolisa amanzi ezingalimaza ama-membrane noma kunciphise ukusebenza kahle. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kuvame ukubandakanya ukuhlunga, ukuhlanganisa, nokufaka amakhemikhali.

Inqubo eyinhloko yokukhipha usawoti ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-reverse osmosis noma ukuvuvukala. Ezitshalweni ze-reverse osmosis, amanzi aphoqwa ngama-membranes avimba usawoti nezingcola, okuholela emanzini ahlanzekile kanye nodoti onosawoti omningi. Izitshalo ezishisayo zivuvukala amanzi, zishiya usawoti ngemuva, bese ziqinisa umusi ukuze kuqoqwe amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngemuva kokukhipha usawoti, amanzi ahlanzekile enziwa azinzile ngokulungisa i-pH nokungeza amaminerali ukuze ahlangane namazinga amanzi okuphuza ngaphambi kokugcinwa nokusatshalaliswa ngemishayo kubathengi.

Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza kahle buhlanganisa izinhlelo zokuqapha, izinto zokubuyisa amandla, nezilawuli ezizenzakalelayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza futhi kuncishiswe izindleko zokusebenza. Ukugcinwa njalo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuphila okude kwama-membrane nokwethembeka kwezitshalo. Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokuqapha buphinde busize ekuqageleni ukungcola nokukala, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula izinyathelo zokuvimbela.

Izitshalo zokukhiqiza amanzi olwandle zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okubalwa kuzo ukuthola amanzi okuphuzwayo njalo futhi angahlupheki yizomiso, okubaluleke kakhulu emadolobheni, ezolimo, kanye nezimboni. Zingabekwa eduze kwezindawo lapho kudingeka khona amanzi, okunciphisa ukulahleka kokudluliswa kwezindleko zengqalasizinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokukhiqiza amanzi olwandle buye bathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi banciphise umthelela emvelweni uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zangaphambili.

Nokho, kunezinkinga ezibalulekile ezihambisana nokusebenza kwezitshalo zokukhiqiza amanzi olwandle. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuhlala kuphezulu, okwenza izindleko kanye nomthelela wekhabhoni kube izinto ezibalulekile okufanele kucatshangelwe. Ukukhishwa kukasawoti ogxilile emuva ezindaweni zasolwandle kubeka izingozi zemvelo uma kungaphathwa kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokwakha kanye nezokusebenza zingaba zodwa, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisathuthuka. Imithetho yemvelo kanye nokwamukelwa komphakathi nakho kuthinta ukwenzeka kwezinhlelo.

Izinto zezomnotho zihlanganisa ibhalansi phakathi kokubuyisa izindleko zamanzi nokuba namandla okukhokha kwabathengi. Ukuqhubeka kobuchwepheshe nokuhlanganiswa nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kubalulekile ukunqoba lezi zithiyo nokwenza ukukhipha usawoti esihlabathini kube yisixazululo esizinzile.

Isidingo esizayo samanzi aphephile futhi athembekile kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu, ukwanda kwemizi, nemiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Izitshalo zokukhipha usawoti esihlabathini zizoba izinto ezibalulekile ezindaweni zokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi ehlangene. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe obusha njengama-membranes asebenzisa kahle amandla, ukukhipha usawoti esihlabathini okusebenzisa ilanga, kanye nezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa i-RO ne-forward osmosis noma i-nanofiltration kuyashesha.

Amathrendi asakhulayo afaka ukuguqulwa kwemisebenzi yezitshalo kube yidijithali nokuzenzakalela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi kuncishiswe isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Ukuqanjwa okusha ekuphathweni kwamanzi anosawoti kanye nokutholwa kwezinsiza, njengokukhipha amaminerali anenzuzo emifuleni kadoti, kuyathakazelisa. Njengoba ukucindezeleka kwamanzi emhlabeni kukhula, ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha usawoti buzoba neqhaza elibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwamanzi nokusekela izinhloso zentuthuko esimeme emhlabeni wonke.

I-Haidi Environment (Tianjin) CO., LTD yinkampani ehamba phambili egxile kwezixazululo zamaphrojekthi okwelashwa kwamanzi nokukhipha usawoti. Ngolwazi olunzulu ekuklameni, ekwakheni, nasekuqhubeni izitshalo zokukhipha usawoti, i-Haidi Environment ihlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe obenziwe ngendlela efanele ukuze buhlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende. Ukugxila kwabo ekusebenzeni kahle, ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, nasekuqanjweni kwezinto ezintsha kubenza babe uzakwethu omethembayo embonini yamanzi.

Iphothifoliyo yenkampani ihlanganisa izinhlelo eziphambili ze-reverse osmosis, ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwangaphambili, kanye nezixazululo zokuphatha izitshalo ezihlanganisiwe. I-Haidi Environment igcizelela izindlela ezisimeme ngokuhlanganisa izinyathelo zokonga amandla namakhemikhali anobungani nemvelo, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo zokukhipha usawoti. Ukuzibophezela kwabo kusekelwa yiqembu eliqinile lokucwaninga nokuthuthukisa elizinikele ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha usawoti.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngemikhiqizo nezixazululo zabo, ungavakashela iImikhiqizo ikhasi noma ufunde ngomqondo wenkampani yabo kanye nezinto ezintsha kuMayelana Nathi ikhasi.

Ubunjiniyela bokusebenza esitshalweni sokukhipha usawoti emanzini buyisisekelo sokubhekana nenkinga yokushoda kwamanzi emhlabeni wonke. Buhlinzeka ngomthombo othembekile, ongamelana nesomiso wamanzi okuphuza anezinga eliphezulu abalulekile emphakathini nezimboni emhlabeni wonke. Ngenkathi izinselelo ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, umthelela emvelweni, kanye nezindleko kuseyinkinga, ukuqhubeka kwezinguquko kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha eziqotho kuthuthukisa ukuqina nokusebenza kahle kokukhipha usawoti emanzini.

Izinkampani ezifana neHaidi Environment (Tianjin) CO., LTD zidlala indima ebalulekile ekushayeleni ubuchule nokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo zokukhipha usawoti ezisebenzayo nezihambelana nezidingo. Njengoba isidingo samanzi sikhula futhi izingcindezi zesimo sezulu zikhula, ukutshala imali nokwenza ngcono ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha usawoti kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ikusasa elizinzile lamanzi. Ababambiqhaza bakhuthazwa ukuthi basekele futhi babambe iqhaza emizamweni yokwelapha amanzi esimeme ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwamanzi asephephile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe nezibuyekezo ngobuchwepheshe bokwelapha amanzi, vakashela i-Izindaba isigaba.